Spot Rates and Forward Rates: Complete Guide
Learn the difference between spot rates and forward rates, how to calculate forward rates from spot rates, and how bootstrapping extracts zero-coupon yields from the par curve.
Fixed income refers to financial instruments that provide a predetermined stream of income to investors. These instruments typically include bonds, loans, and other debt securities. The income generated from fixed-income investments is usually in the form of periodic interest payments, known as coupon payments, and the return of principal at maturity. Fixed-income investments are considered less risky than equities and can offer a stable income stream, making them popular among conservative investors.
Master bond pricing on the BA II Plus by entering coupon, maturity, yield, and par value to compute present value (PV). We walk through P/Y vs. C/Y, sign convention, and the premium/discount logic that shows whether price should be above or below par. You’ll learn quick troubleshooting tips to fix errors and confirm results. Great for CFA/FRM prep, Exam FM, and university fixed-income courses.
🎓 *Get 25% Off CFA Courses (Featuring My Videos!) — Use code RYAN25 here:*
👉 https://ryano.finance/cfa
Get up to *$500 off* these certificates with code *RYANOC* during early enrollment:
*Applied Value Investing Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/wharton-avi
*Wharton Financial Planning & Analysis (FP&A) Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/wharton-fpa
*Wharton Real Estate Investing & Analysis Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/wharton-real-estate
*Wharton Private Equity Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/wharton-pe
*Columbia AI for Business & Finance Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/columbia-ai
*Disclosure: This is not financial advice and should not be taken as such. The information contained in this video is an opinion. Some of the information could be wrong. This channel is owned and operated by Portfolio Constructs LLC. Some of the links above are affiliate links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase.
Solve a bond’s yield to maturity (I/Y) on the BA II Plus using price, coupon, par value, and time to maturity. This tutorial shows the exact TVM keys, frequency settings (annual vs. semiannual), and sanity checks for realistic YTM results. We also explain premium vs. discount intuition so your answer makes sense. Ideal for exams and interviews where fast, accurate BA II Plus bond yield calculations are required.
🎓 *Get 25% Off CFA Courses (Featuring My Videos!) — Use code RYAN25 here:*
👉 https://ryano.finance/cfa
Get up to *$500 off* these certificates with code *RYANOC* during early enrollment:
*Applied Value Investing Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/wharton-avi
*Wharton Financial Planning & Analysis (FP&A) Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/wharton-fpa
*Wharton Real Estate Investing & Analysis Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/wharton-real-estate
*Wharton Private Equity Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/wharton-pe
*Columbia AI for Business & Finance Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/columbia-ai
*Disclosure: This is not financial advice and should not be taken as such. The information contained in this video is an opinion. Some of the information could be wrong. This channel is owned and operated by Portfolio Constructs LLC. Some of the links above are affiliate links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase.
Learn how to compute bond payment (PMT) on the BA II Plus financial calculator with clear, step-by-step TVM inputs. We cover coupon rate, par value, payment frequency (annual vs. semiannual), and the P/Y & C/Y settings you must get right. See common sign-convention mistakes and quick checks to verify your answer. Perfect for finance students, CFA/FRM candidates, and anyone solving bond coupon payment problems fast.
🎓 *Get 25% Off CFA Courses (Featuring My Videos!) — Use code RYAN25 here:*
👉 https://ryano.finance/cfa
Get up to *$500 off* these certificates with code *RYANOC* during early enrollment:
*Applied Value Investing Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/wharton-avi
*Wharton Financial Planning & Analysis (FP&A) Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/wharton-fpa
*Wharton Real Estate Investing & Analysis Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/wharton-real-estate
*Wharton Private Equity Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/wharton-pe
*Columbia AI for Business & Finance Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/columbia-ai
*Disclosure: This is not financial advice and should not be taken as such. The information contained in this video is an opinion. Some of the information could be wrong. This channel is owned and operated by Portfolio Constructs LLC. Some of the links above are affiliate links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase.
In this video, we cover the carry trade explained in detail and show how traders use this powerful forex strategy to profit from interest rate differentials. You’ll learn what is the carry trade, how the yen carry trade works, and why it’s so popular in forex trading. We break down the mechanics behind borrowing low-yield currencies like the Japanese yen and investing in high-yield currencies, using clear examples including a carry trade Japan scenario and a carry trade example you can follow. We also discuss when the carry trade profits, what happens during a carry trade unwind, and why this strategy is relevant for carry trade forex, carry trade IBKR, and even those studying carry trade CFA concepts. Watch until the end to test yourself with a carry trade practice question and understand the risks and rewards of this classic currency trading approach.
🎓 *Get 25% Off CFA Courses (Featuring My Videos!) — Use code RYAN25 here:*
👉 https://ryano.finance/cfa
Chapters:
0:00 – The Carry Trade Explained & Uncovered Interest Rate Parity
1:19 – How the Carry Trade Works
2:35 – When the Carry Trade Makes Money
5:52 – Carry Trade Practice Question with Solution
*Disclosure: This is not financial advice and should not be taken as such. The information contained in this video is an opinion. Some of the information could be wrong. This channel is owned and operated by Portfolio Constructs LLC. Some of the links above are affiliate links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase.
In this video, Ryan O’Connell, CFA, FRM, breaks down how monetary and fiscal policy influence interest rates, inflation, and the yield curve. You’ll learn the key differences between contractionary vs. expansionary policy, how real and nominal rates relate to inflation, and how to interpret yield curve shapes like flat, steep, and inverted. We also explore how the yield curve reflects Federal Reserve and central bank monetary policy changes throughout the business cycle (including during a recession). Perfect for finance students, investors, and anyone looking to understand macroeconomic forces in a clear and actionable way.
🎓 *Get 25% Off CFA Courses (Featuring My Videos!) — Use code RYAN25 here:*
👉 https://ryano.finance/cfa
Chapters
0:00 – Contractionary vs. Expansionary Monetary Policy Explained
1:18 – Fiscal Policy: Contractionary vs. Expansionary Approaches
2:02 – Real vs. Nominal Interest Rates & Inflation Rate Explained
3:53 – Yield Curve Shapes: Flat, Steep, and Inverted Explained
6:39 – Yield Curve & Monetary Policy Across the Business Cycle
*Disclosure: This is not financial advice and should not be taken as such. The information contained in this video is an opinion. Some of the information could be wrong. This channel is owned and operated by Portfolio Constructs LLC. Some of the links above are affiliate links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase.
Unlock the secrets of Financial Leverage and discover how borrowed money can amplify your returns—or increase your risks. In this video, Ryan O’Connell, CFA, FRM, explains when financial leverage works, provides a simple financial leverage example, and demonstrates the formula to calculate leveraged returns. Perfect for students and professionals, this guide highlights the power of leveraging and its impact on investment strategies. Watch now to deepen your understanding of financial leverage and how to use it effectively!
🎓 *Get 25% Off CFA Courses (Featuring My Videos!) — Use code RYAN25 here:*
👉 https://ryano.finance/cfa
Chapters:
0:00 – When Financial Leverage Works
0:26 – Simple Financial Leverage Example
2:50 – Formula to Calculate Leveraged Returns
*Disclosure: This is not financial advice and should not be taken as such. The information contained in this video is an opinion. Some of the information could be wrong. This channel is owned and operated by Portfolio Constructs LLC. Some of the links above are affiliate links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase.
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