Videos

In this video, I explain the loan to value ratio (LTV) in commercial real estate, breaking down what it is and why lenders rely on it to make financing decisions. You’ll learn how to use the LTV formula to calculate the maximum loan amount a bank will offer on a property. I also cover the relationship between LTV and risk, showing why a higher ratio means more exposure for both the lender and the borrower. Whether you’re applying for your first commercial real estate loan or refining your underwriting process, this video walks you through everything with a clear, real-world LTV example.

Chapters
0:00 – Loan to Value Ratio (LTV) Defined
1:11 – How to Find Max Loan Amount
2:00 – LTV and Risk
3:26 – LTV Example
4:11 – Wharton Real Estate Certificate

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*Free LTV Ratio calculator:* https://ryanoconnellfinance.com/calculators/ltv-calculator/

*Disclosure: This is not financial advice and should not be taken as such. The information contained in this video is an opinion. Some of the information could be wrong. This channel is owned and operated by Portfolio Constructs LLC. Some of the links above are affiliate links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase.

In this video, I break down the debt service coverage ratio (DSCR), one of the most important metrics lenders and investors use to evaluate commercial real estate deals. You’ll learn how to calculate net operating income (NOI) and debt service, then combine them to arrive at the DSCR formula. I also walk through how to interpret your DSCR result and apply it with a clear, real-world example. Whether you’re analyzing your first property or preparing for a commercial real estate loan, this video gives you everything you need to understand the debt service coverage ratio.

Chapters:
0:00 – Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR) Defined
0:42 – Net Operating Income (NOI) Explained
1:40 – Debt Service Explained
3:20 – DSCR Interpretation
4:25 – DSCR Example
6:27 – Wharton Real Estate Certificate

🎓 *Wharton & Wall Street Prep Real Estate Investing & Analysis:* https://ryano.finance/wharton-real-estate

*Free DSCR calculator:* https://ryanoconnellfinance.com/calculators/dscr-calculator/

*Disclosure: This is not financial advice and should not be taken as such. The information contained in this video is an opinion. Some of the information could be wrong. This channel is owned and operated by Portfolio Constructs LLC. Some of the links above are affiliate links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase.

In this video, I explain the capitalization rate (cap rate) in commercial real estate, breaking down exactly what it means and how investors use it to evaluate properties. You’ll learn how to calculate net operating income (NOI), how property value factors into the formula, and how to put it all together with a clear cap rate example. I also walk through a free cap rate calculator you can use to run your own numbers on any commercial real estate investment. Whether you’re a beginner or looking to sharpen your underwriting skills, this five-minute breakdown covers everything you need to know about cap rates.

Chapters
0:00 – Capitalization Rate (Cap Rate) Defined
0:38 – Net Operating Income (NOI) Explained
1:55 – Property Value Explained
3:20 – Cap Rate Example
4:15 – Free Cap Rate Tool

🎓 *Wharton & Wall Street Prep Real Estate Investing & Analysis:* https://ryano.finance/wharton-real-estate

*Free Cap Rate calculator:* https://ryanoconnellfinance.com/calculators/cap-rate-calculator/

*Disclosure: This is not financial advice and should not be taken as such. The information contained in this video is an opinion. Some of the information could be wrong. This channel is owned and operated by Portfolio Constructs LLC. Some of the links above are affiliate links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase.

What is the probability of a recession over the next 12 months? In this video, I walk through the NY Fed recession probability model, which uses a probit regression on the spread between the 10 Year Treasury and the 3 Month T-Bill to estimate recession odds. You’ll learn how to download the free FRED add-in in Excel, pull live Treasury yield curve spread data, and calculate the probability of a recession yourself — all for free. Download the free recession probability calculator spreadsheet using the link below.

Chapters:
0:00 – The NY Fed Recession Probability Model
1:41 – Downloading the FRED Add-In in Excel
2:15 – Downloading the 10 Year Treasury to 3 Month T-Bill Spread Data
4:58 – Calculating the Probability of Recession in Excel

💾 Download Free Excel File:
► Grab the file from this video here: https://ryanoconnellfinance.com/product/monthly-to-annual-returns-excel/

*Find my free probability of recession web application that inspired this video here:* https://ryanoconnellfinance.com/yield-curve-analyzer/

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5. Wharton & Wall Street Prep Value Investing: https://ryano.finance/wharton-avi

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*Disclosure: This is not financial advice and should not be taken as such. The information contained in this video is an opinion. Some of the information could be wrong. This channel is owned and operated by Portfolio Constructs LLC. Some of the links above are affiliate links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase.

Join me for a live CFA Level I problem-solving session on equity valuation, where we’ll work through dividend discount models (DDM), the Gordon Growth Model, and P/E ratio–based valuation step by step. We’ll focus on how to set up the formulas, rearrange them to solve for price, required return, or growth, and interpret what the results actually mean for the exam.

Whether you’re struggling with constant-growth vs. multi-stage DDM, finding justified P/E from fundamentals, or linking valuation inputs back to the curriculum theory, this session will help you master the core concepts and tackle real CFA Level I exam-style questions with confidence.

I’m Ryan O’Connell, CFA, FRM, and I’ll walk you through a structured approach to solving these valuation problems efficiently, making sure you understand both the math and the intuition behind each concept.

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Chapters:
00:00 – Stream Starting Soon
0:22 – STREAM START
3:42 – When to Use Price to Sales Ratio (P/S)
9:00 – Gordon Growth Model & Leverage Ratio
18:24 – Price to Earnings Ratio (P/E)
24:37 – High Price to Sales Ratio (P/S)
28:14 – Deriving Price-to-Book Ratio (P/B)
32:44 – Asset Based Valuation
37:42 – Gordon Growth Model – Basic
40:13 – Multi-Stage Dividend Discount Model (DDM)
47:40 – Gordon Growth Model – Basic
49:31 – Assumptions of the Gordon Growth Model

*Disclosure: This is not financial advice and should not be taken as such. The information contained in this video is an opinion. Some of the information could be wrong. This channel is owned and operated by Portfolio Constructs LLC. Some of the links above are affiliate links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase.

Alternative Titles:
CFA Level 1 Equity Valuation Deep Dive: Dividend Discount & P/E Ratios (Live)
Dividend Discount Models for CFA Level 1: Live Equity Valuation Workshop
CFA Level 1 Valuation: Gordon Growth, DDM, and P/E Explained Live
Cracking CFA Equity Valuation: Dividend Discount & Justified P/E | Live Session
CFA Level 1 Exam Prep: Mastering Dividend Discount Models and P/E Ratios Live
Live CFA Equity Valuation Class: DDM, Gordon Growth Model, and P/E Ratios
Dividend Discount Models Demystified for CFA Level 1 | Live Problem Solving
From DDM to P/E: Essential Equity Valuation for CFA Level 1 (Live)
CFA Level 1 Equity Valuation Bootcamp: Dividend Discount & Gordon Growth Live
Live CFA Study Session: Dividend Discount Models and Justified P/E Ratios

This livestream is perfect for candidates preparing for the CFA Level 1 exam or anyone looking to sharpen their equity knowledge and problem-solving skills.

Powered by UWorld, one of the top resources for CFA prep, this session is designed to boost your confidence before exam day.

Learn how to turn Monthly Returns into Annual Returns and annualized Standard Deviation in Excel using both Simple Returns and Log Returns. We start with Adjusted Close prices, calculate Monthly Returns (simple and log), then annualize Monthly Returns step-by-step before converting monthly volatility to annual volatility. You’ll see the exact Excel workflow and formulas to compute returns, CAGR-style annualization, and annualized risk from monthly data. Perfect for investors and analysts who want a clean, repeatable Excel process for stock return analysis and volatility (std dev) measurement.

Chapters:
0:00 – Adjusted Close Prices
0:44 – Calculate Monthly Returns From Prices (Simple)
1:28 – Calculate Monthly Returns From Prices (Log)
2:00 – Annualize Monthly Returns (Simple)
3:23 – Annualize Monthly Returns (Log)
4:13 – Calculate Annual Standard Deviation From Monthly Returns

💾 Download Free Excel File:
► Grab the file from this video here: https://ryanoconnellfinance.com/product/monthly-to-annual-returns-excel/

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1. Columbia & Wall Street Prep AI for Business & Finance: https://ryano.finance/columbia-ai
2. Wharton & Wall Street Prep Real Estate Investing & Analysis: https://ryano.finance/wharton-real-estate
3. Wharton & Wall Street Prep Private Equity (PE): https://ryano.finance/wharton-pe
4. Wharton & Wall Street Prep Financial Planning & Analysis (FP&A): https://ryano.finance/wharton-fpa
5. Wharton & Wall Street Prep Value Investing: https://ryano.finance/wharton-avi

*Get 10% Off Snowball Analytics to help manage your portfolio with code RYAN here:*
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*Disclosure: This is not financial advice and should not be taken as such. The information contained in this video is an opinion. Some of the information could be wrong. This channel is owned and operated by Portfolio Constructs LLC. Some of the links above are affiliate links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase.

This comprehensive BA II Plus tutorial bundles the most-used functions into one video: bond PMT, bond yield (I/Y), bond price (PV), future value (FV), and capital budgeting with NPV/IRR. We start with setup and frequency (P/Y, C/Y), then move through step-by-step TVM and cash-flow examples so you can master the calculator quickly. Each section mirrors the dedicated videos for fast revision and exam-day confidence. Perfect as your one-stop BA II Plus guide for CFA/FRM, Exam FM, and university finance.

Chapters:
0:00 – Intro to BA II Plus Tutorial
0:59 – Calculate Bond Payment (PMT)
3:36 – Find Bond Interest Rate (I/Y)
4:47 – Calculate Bond Price (PV)
6:09 – Compute Future Value (FV)
7:50 – Calculate NPV & IRR

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*Wharton Financial Planning & Analysis (FP&A) Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/wharton-fpa
*Wharton Real Estate Investing & Analysis Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/wharton-real-estate
*Wharton Private Equity Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/wharton-pe
*Columbia AI for Business & Finance Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/columbia-ai

Tutorial Links In Video:
Payment (PMT) Example: https://ryanoconnellfinance.com/financial-calculator/time-value-money/
NPV and IRR Example: https://ryanoconnellfinance.com/financial-calculator/cash-flow/

*Disclosure: This is not financial advice and should not be taken as such. The information contained in this video is an opinion. Some of the information could be wrong. This channel is owned and operated by Portfolio Constructs LLC. Some of the links above are affiliate links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase.

Quickly compute NPV and IRR on the BA II Plus using the cash-flow register (CFo, CFi) and the NPV/IRR function keys. We enter uneven cash flows, set the discount rate, interpret accept/reject rules, and address multiple-IRR pitfalls. You’ll learn editing shortcuts and troubleshooting for negative or unexpected results. Ideal for capital budgeting, corporate finance courses, and CFA/FRM exam practice.

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Get up to *$500 off* these certificates with code *RYANOC* during early enrollment:
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*Wharton Financial Planning & Analysis (FP&A) Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/wharton-fpa
*Wharton Real Estate Investing & Analysis Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/wharton-real-estate
*Wharton Private Equity Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/wharton-pe
*Columbia AI for Business & Finance Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/columbia-ai

Chapters:
0:00 – Enter Cash Flows (CF)
2:29 – Calculate Net Present Value (NPV)
3:10 – Calculate Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

*Disclosure: This is not financial advice and should not be taken as such. The information contained in this video is an opinion. Some of the information could be wrong. This channel is owned and operated by Portfolio Constructs LLC. Some of the links above are affiliate links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase.

Learn the fastest way to calculate future value (FV) on the BA II Plus for bond-related and time value of money problems. We cover N, I/Y, PMT, and PV inputs, plus frequency settings and compounding conventions that impact your answer. See how to handle periodic payments and verify results with quick reasonableness checks. Use this workflow to speed up homework, quizzes, and exam questions.

🎓 *Get 25% Off CFA Courses (Featuring My Videos!) — Use code RYAN25 here:*
👉 https://ryano.finance/cfa

Get up to *$500 off* these certificates with code *RYANOC* during early enrollment:
*Applied Value Investing Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/wharton-avi
*Wharton Financial Planning & Analysis (FP&A) Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/wharton-fpa
*Wharton Real Estate Investing & Analysis Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/wharton-real-estate
*Wharton Private Equity Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/wharton-pe
*Columbia AI for Business & Finance Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/columbia-ai

*Disclosure: This is not financial advice and should not be taken as such. The information contained in this video is an opinion. Some of the information could be wrong. This channel is owned and operated by Portfolio Constructs LLC. Some of the links above are affiliate links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase.

Master bond pricing on the BA II Plus by entering coupon, maturity, yield, and par value to compute present value (PV). We walk through P/Y vs. C/Y, sign convention, and the premium/discount logic that shows whether price should be above or below par. You’ll learn quick troubleshooting tips to fix errors and confirm results. Great for CFA/FRM prep, Exam FM, and university fixed-income courses.

🎓 *Get 25% Off CFA Courses (Featuring My Videos!) — Use code RYAN25 here:*
👉 https://ryano.finance/cfa

Get up to *$500 off* these certificates with code *RYANOC* during early enrollment:
*Applied Value Investing Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/wharton-avi
*Wharton Financial Planning & Analysis (FP&A) Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/wharton-fpa
*Wharton Real Estate Investing & Analysis Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/wharton-real-estate
*Wharton Private Equity Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/wharton-pe
*Columbia AI for Business & Finance Certificate* — https://ryano.finance/columbia-ai

*Disclosure: This is not financial advice and should not be taken as such. The information contained in this video is an opinion. Some of the information could be wrong. This channel is owned and operated by Portfolio Constructs LLC. Some of the links above are affiliate links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase.