Corporate Finance

In this video, I break down net present value (NPV), one of the core tools investors and analysts use to evaluate investments and make capital budgeting decisions. You’ll learn exactly what NPV means, why we discount future cash flows back to today’s dollars, and how the formula works step by step. I walk through each component of the NPV formula, explain what the discount rate represents, and show you how to interpret your result. I also run through a complete coffee shop example with real numbers so you can see the entire calculation from start to finish. Plus, I cover the key limitations every investor should understand, including why NPV is only as reliable as your assumptions about future cash flows and discount rates. Whether you’re evaluating a business investment, comparing projects, or studying for a finance exam, this video gives you everything you need to calculate and interpret NPV with confidence.

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Chapters
0:00 – Introduction to NPV
0:25 – What is NPV?
0:51 – The NPV Formula
1:51 – How to Interpret NPV
2:18 – Coffee Shop Example
3:52 – Key Limitations
4:22 – Key Takeaways

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4. Wharton & Wall Street Prep Financial Planning & Analysis (FP&A): https://ryano.finance/wharton-fpa
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6. Wharton Restructuring & Distressed Investing Certificate: https://ryano.finance/wharton-rdi

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*Disclosure: This is not financial advice and should not be taken as such. The information contained in this video is an opinion. Some of the information could be wrong. This channel is owned and operated by Portfolio Constructs LLC. Some of the links above are affiliate links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase.

In this video, I break down the internal rate of return (IRR), one of the core tools investors and analysts use to evaluate investments and compare projects. You’ll learn exactly what IRR means, why it represents the discount rate that makes NPV equal to zero, and how it links your initial investment to the present value of future cash flows. I walk through the IRR formula step by step, explain what each variable means, and show you a complete worked example with real numbers. I also cover how to interpret your IRR result by comparing it to your required return, and where IRR is commonly used in corporate finance, real estate, and private markets. Plus, I explain the key limitations every investor should understand, including the reinvestment rate assumption, scale blindness, and the multiple IRR problem. Whether you’re evaluating a capital budgeting decision or analyzing a real estate deal, this video gives you everything you need to calculate and interpret IRR with confidence.

*Wharton & Wall Street Prep Financial Planning & Analysis (FP&A) — Save $300 with code RYANOC* https://ryano.finance/wharton-fpa

Chapters
0:00 – Introduction
0:25 – What is IRR?
1:05 – The IRR Formula
2:20 – Worked Example
3:19 – How to Interpret IRR
3:55 – Real-World Applications
4:19 – Key Limitations
5:00 – Key Takeaways

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2. Wharton & Wall Street Prep Real Estate Investing & Analysis: https://ryano.finance/wharton-real-estate
3. Wharton & Wall Street Prep Private Equity (PE): https://ryano.finance/wharton-pe
4. Wharton & Wall Street Prep Value Investing: https://ryano.finance/wharton-avi

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*Disclosure: This is not financial advice and should not be taken as such. The information contained in this video is an opinion. Some of the information could be wrong. This channel is owned and operated by Portfolio Constructs LLC. Some of the links above are affiliate links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase.

Use code *RYANOC* at checkout to save $300 on your enrollment.

🎓 Wharton Online & Wall Street Prep Restructuring & Distressed Investing Certificate Program 🎓
► Use code RYANOC for $300 Off
► https://ryano.finance/wharton-rdi

Unlock the world of restructuring and distressed investing with the Wharton Online & Wall Street Prep Restructuring & Distressed Investing Certificate Program. In this full program overview, we cover tuition, program length, faculty and guest speakers, the Wharton Online certificate, and the program’s networking benefits.

You’ll also see who this program is best suited for, from credit professionals and private equity investors to restructuring advisors, investment bankers, attorneys, and corporate finance leaders. We’ll walk through the curriculum in detail so you know exactly what to expect, including distressed investing, bankruptcy, liability management exercises, capital structure analysis, distressed M&A, turnaround management, and 13-week cash flow modeling.

Chapters:
0:00 – Intro to Wharton Online’s Restructuring & Distressed Investing Certificate
0:18 – Price & Length of Program
0:34 – Wharton Online & Wall Street Prep Program Credibility
0:52 – What does this program cover?
1:39 – Who is this for?
2:22 – The Program Curriculum
2:55 – Faculty & Speakers
3:38 – Wharton Online Certification
3:46 – Save With Code RYANOC

*Disclosure: This is not financial advice and should not be taken as such. The information contained in this video is an opinion. Some of the information could be wrong. This channel is owned and operated by Portfolio Constructs LLC. Some of the links above are affiliate links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase.

In this video, I break down DCF analysis (discounted cash flow), the gold standard method investors use to determine what a stock is actually worth. You’ll learn exactly what a DCF is, why the time value of money matters, and how to calculate intrinsic value using three key ingredients: projected free cash flows, a discount rate, and terminal value. I walk through the complete DCF formula step by step, show you how to interpret your results by comparing intrinsic value to market price, and explain why a margin of safety is essential for every valuation. I also run through a practical example with real numbers so you can see the entire calculation from start to finish. Plus, I cover the critical limitations of DCF that every investor needs to understand, including why small changes in your assumptions can dramatically swing your valuation. Whether you’re a value investor looking to find undervalued stocks or just want to understand how Wall Street values companies, this video gives you everything you need to master DCF analysis.

Chapters:
0:00 – What is DCF Valuation?
0:17 – Time Value of Money Explained
0:36 – The Three Ingredients of DCF
1:03 – The DCF Present Value Formula
1:12 -Turning Enterprise Value Into Share Value
1:23 – Intrinsic Value Vs Price
1:42 – Practical DCF Example
2:18 – DCF Limitations & Pitfalls
2:44 – Key Takeaways

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🎓 *Ivy League Certificate Programs by Wall Street Prep — Save up to $500 with codes RYAN or RYAN300:*
1. Columbia & Wall Street Prep AI for Business & Finance: https://ryano.finance/columbia-ai
2. Wharton & Wall Street Prep Real Estate Investing & Analysis: https://ryano.finance/wharton-real-estate
3. Wharton & Wall Street Prep Private Equity (PE): https://ryano.finance/wharton-pe
4. Wharton & Wall Street Prep Financial Planning & Analysis (FP&A): https://ryano.finance/wharton-fpa
5. Wharton & Wall Street Prep Value Investing: https://ryano.finance/wharton-avi

*Get 10% Off Snowball Analytics to help manage your portfolio with code RYAN here:*
https://snowball-analytics.com/register/ryan

*Disclosure: This is not financial advice and should not be taken as such. The information contained in this video is an opinion. Some of the information could be wrong. This channel is owned and operated by Portfolio Constructs LLC. Some of the links above are affiliate links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase.

In this video, I break down WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital), the single number that determines whether a company’s investments create or destroy value. You’ll learn exactly what WACC means, how to calculate it using the full formula, and how companies use it as a hurdle rate for investment decisions. I walk through each component of the formula — cost of equity, cost of debt, and the tax shield — then plug in real numbers to calculate a complete WACC step by step. I compare real-world examples using Duke Energy and Tesla to show why different industries have wildly different WACCs, and I explain how WACC connects to DCF analysis as the discount rate. I also cover four critical pitfalls that trip up even experienced analysts, including why WACC involves circular logic. Whether you’re analyzing stocks, building DCF models, or studying corporate finance, this video gives you everything you need to understand the Weighted Average Cost of Capital.

Chapters:
0:00 – What is WACC?
0:20 – WACC Definition
0:46 – The WACC Formula Explained
1:02 – Breaking Down Each Component
1:36 – WACC Calculation Example
1:56 – How Companies Use WACC
2:32 – Real Example: Duke Energy vs Tesla
3:19 – Four WACC Pitfalls
4:20 – Key Takeaways

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🎓 *Get 25% Off CFA Courses (Featuring My Videos!) — Use code RYAN25 here:*
👉 https://ryano.finance/cfa

🎓 *Ivy League Certificate Programs by Wall Street Prep — Save up to $500 with codes RYAN or RYAN300:*
1. Columbia & Wall Street Prep AI for Business & Finance: https://ryano.finance/columbia-ai
2. Wharton & Wall Street Prep Real Estate Investing & Analysis: https://ryano.finance/wharton-real-estate
3. Wharton & Wall Street Prep Private Equity (PE): https://ryano.finance/wharton-pe
4. Wharton & Wall Street Prep Financial Planning & Analysis (FP&A): https://ryano.finance/wharton-fpa
5. Wharton & Wall Street Prep Value Investing: https://ryano.finance/wharton-avi

*Get 10% Off Snowball Analytics to help manage your portfolio with code RYAN here:*
https://snowball-analytics.com/register/ryan

*Disclosure: This is not financial advice and should not be taken as such. The information contained in this video is an opinion. Some of the information could be wrong. This channel is owned and operated by Portfolio Constructs LLC. Some of the links above are affiliate links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase.